Jaundice and Bile Duct Obstruction
Jaundice is not a disease but a common sign of many liver and biliary conditions. From a surgical perspective, mechanical obstruction of the bile duct is the key concern. The most frequent causes are CBD stones, benign or malignant strictures and masses involving the bile duct from adjacent organs. Diagnosis is based on blood tests, ultrasound and MRCP. Treatment depends on the cause, the patient's status and comorbidities.
Jaundice — yellowing of the skin and eyes with dark urine and pale stools — can result from CBD stones, strictures or masses obstructing bile flow. Diagnosis uses blood tests, ultrasound, MRCP and further imaging when needed; treatment is tailored to the cause.
Symptoms
- Yellowing of skin and eyes
- Dark urine
- Pale stools
- Abdominal pain
- Itching
- Fever, fatigue
Possible causes
- CBD stones
- Benign / malignant bile duct strictures
- Pancreatic head masses
- Tumours of the porta hepatis
- Post-surgical strictures
Diagnostic process
Initial assessment includes liver function tests, bilirubin, ALP, GGT and complete blood count. Ultrasound evaluates duct dilation. MRCP and, when needed, CT/MRI provide further detail.
Treatment approach
For stone-related obstruction, ERCP is usually performed first. Benign strictures may need stenting or surgical repair. Tumour-related obstruction is managed by a multidisciplinary team (surgery, oncology, interventional radiology).
Comparison table
| Condition | Symptom | Required test | Possible approach | Urgency |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gallstones | Pain after fatty meals, bloating | USG, blood tests | Follow-up or surgery | Depends on symptoms |
| Cholecystitis | Prolonged right upper abdominal pain, fever | USG, CRP, WBC | Urgent evaluation / surgery | High |
| CBD stones | Jaundice, dark urine | MRCP, bilirubin | ERCP ± surgery | High |
| Liver cyst | Usually asymptomatic | USG, CT/MRI | Follow-up or surgery | Low–Moderate |
| Hydatid cyst | Right upper abdominal fullness, pain | USG, CT/MRI, serology | Medication ± surgery | Moderate |
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Share your existing ultrasound, MRCP, CT/MRI, blood tests or discharge summary to receive preliminary information about the process. A definitive evaluation is only possible after physical examination and the necessary investigations.
The information on this page is provided for general patient education only and does not replace diagnosis, treatment or any surgical decision. An assessment appropriate for you can only be made after a clinical examination and the necessary investigations.